According to the Washington Post, the 2013 National Intelligence Estimate identifies the People's Republic of China as primary culprit in a "massive" and "sustained" hacking campaign against U.S. interests, both public and private. Various economic sectors, including the aerospace, automotive, finance, information technology, and energy industries have been targeted by China. The report identifies Russia, Israel, and France as having engaged in hacking against American economic interests, but suggests that their cyber espionage pales in comparison with that conducted by China.